Oxazine and oxazoline polymers



United States Patent OXAZINE AND OXAZOLINE POLYMERS Peter -Lade 'Benneville and Leo S. Luskin, Philadelphia,

Pa., asdgnors to Rohm & Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application September 6, 1957 Serial No. 682,286

Claims. .(Cl. 260-855) This invention relates to polymers of Z-oxazolines and 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines. More particularly this invention concerns homopolymers and copolymers of 4,4- dialkyl-Z-vinyl, 4,4-dialkyl-2-isopropenyl. substituted oxazolines, and identically substituted 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3- oxazines. This application is a continuation-in-part of our United States patent application Serial No. 584,173, filed May 11, 1956, now United States Patent 2,831,858, and covering the monomers from which the instant homopolymer and copolymers are derived, and to a method for preparing the monomers.

This invention also concerns homopolymers .and copolymers of the 2-isopropenyl and 2-vinyl spirans formed when the Z-isopropenyl, v2-vinyl substituted oxazolines, and identically substituted 5,6-di'hydro-4H-1,3- .oxaz'mes are joined, through a common, i.e., spiro carbon zatom, namely the 4-carbon of the oxazoline or of the 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine heterocycle, to a divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

The monomers havethe following formula:

in which (CH is an alkylene group of one to two carbon atoms, R and R when taken individually, are alkyl radicals, one being methyl and the other containing not more than eight carbon atoms or R and R when taken together, form a divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing four to nine carbon atoms, which together with the carbon to which R and R are bonded .forms a fiveto six-sided carbocycle, m is an integer from one to two inclusive, and n is an integer from one to two inclusive.

The 4,4dialkyl-2-vinyl and the 4,4-dialkyl-2-isopropenyl substituted oxazolines and identically substituted 5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazines and the spirans thereof are made by reacting under condtions which are discussed in detail further below, aminoalcohols or *alkanolamines having the formula in which n, R and R are defined above, with acryloyloxyalkanes or methacryloyloxyalkanes, that is lower alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, having the formula in which R is an alkyl radical containing from one to four carbon atoms, in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor and of a metal alkoxide of the formula M(OR*) in which M is a metal selected from the group of the metals of atomic number from 13 to 40 from groups III-A-and IV-B of the periodic table, x has the same 2,897,182 Patented July 28, .1959

numerical value as the valency of the metal M, and R is an alkyl radical preferably of not over five carbon atoms.

Normally, the reaction of acrylic or methacrylic esters with primary aminoalcohols results in a complicated series of side reactions which apparently involve, especially at high temperatures, a preferential formation of the alkylhydroxyalkyl amide of the unsaturated ester. In the presence of an alkaline catalyst, such as sodium methoxide, there usually occurs addition of the amine across the double bond of the unsaturated ester. This is the general course of reaction with ethanolamine, propanolamine, and other similar primary amines. For instance, when propanolamine is reacted with ethyl acrylate, there is obtained ethyl fi-(hydroxypropylamino)- propionate. Often, in the absence of a polymerization inhibitor, the reaction is further complicated by the formation of a reaction mixture containing considerable polymeric material. In an isolated case, a primary amino higher alcohol has been observed to form an aminoalkyl ester when that higher alcohol is reacted, under special conditions, with an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid. Neither in the reaction of the unsaturated esters with conventional aminoalcohols nor with the amine of a long-chained alcohol substituent can there be isolated heterocyclic compounds with an intact isopropenyl or vinyl substituent.

It is, therefore, very surprising, in view of the knowledge of these reactions, to find that when an acrylic or methacrylic ester is reacted under specific conditions with a special alkanolamine, we are able to obtain 2-vinyl or 2-isopropenyl substituted heterocyclic compounds, more specifically such substituted oxazolines and 5,6-dihydro- 4H-1,3-oxazines and the spirans thereof.

We have found that the reaction appears to require aminoalcohols in which, to the carbon atom adjacent to the amino group, there are bonded two alkyl radicals. Preferably, to the tertiary carbon atom, onto which the amino group is bonded, there is bonded a methyl radical, while the other alkyl radical bonded to the tertiary carbon preferably is limited to eight carbon atoms. Alternatively, the tertiary carbon atom is part of a cycloalkyl radical preferably containing five to ten carbon atoms. While these somewhat unconventional aminoalcohols may have a higher alkyl substituent on the tertiarycarbon, to be operative, these aminoalcohols are limited to those having a lower alcohol, HO(CH (n being as defined above), on the tertiary carbon, onto which the alkyl and amino radicals also are bonded.

These aminoalcohols can conveniently be prepared by methods known in the art, such as by the method of Blomquist and Verdol, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 78 (1955); Wheatley, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 2833 (1954); Brown and'Van Gulick, I. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 1079 (1955); and Newman and Edwards, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76, 1840 (1954). These methods and known others can readily be applied to the preparation of the desired aminoalcohol.

Typical alkanolamines which advantageously can be used to react with the esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid and which are represented by the above general formula are:

3-amino-3-methyl-1-octanol,

3-amino-3 -methy1-1-heptanol,

3-amino-3 -methy1-1-hexanol,

3-amino-3 -methyl-1-pentanol, 3-amin0-3-methy11-butanol,

3-amino-3 -methyl-1-isohexanol, 3-amino-3-methyl-4-isopropy1-l-heptanol, 3-amino-3-methyl-5,6-diethyl-1-octanol, 3-amino-3-methyl-4-ethyl-5 -methyl-1-octanol, 3-amino-3,4-dimethyl-l-pentanol,

3-arnino-3 -methyl-1-hendecanol, 3-amino-3-methyl-l-decanol, 3-amino-3-methyl-l-nonanol, 3-amino-3 -methyl-4-ethyl-l-nonanol,

3-amino 3,4-dimethyl-l-heptanol,

3-amino-3,4,5-trimethyl-1-nonanol, Z-amino-Z-methyl-l-decanol, Z-amino-Z-methyl-l-nonanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-octanol,

2-amino-2-methyl-1-hexanol,

Z-amino-Z-niethyl-l-pentanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-butanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol,

Z-amino-Z-methyl-l-isohexanol,

. 1-amino-2,3-dimethyl-5-ethyl l (B-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexane,

1-amino-2,3-dimethyl-5-ethyl-1 (u-hydroxymethyDcyclohexane,

1-arnino-2,3-dimethyl-5-ethyl-l ('u-hydroxymethyDcyclopentane, and

1-amino-2,3-dimethyl-5-ethyl 1 (,B-hydroxyethyDcyclopentane.

his to be noted that apparentlythe more common alkali metal alkoxides are inoperative in this process since it seems that, if they are substituted for the special catalysts required herein, the resulting mixtures are undesirable amides. We have found that the reaction of the alkanolamines with the esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid is desirably promoted by the presenceof a metal alkoxide of the general formula M(OR in which M is a metal selected from the metals of atomic number from 13 to 40 inclusive, selected from groups HI-A and IV-B of the periodic table, x is an integer having the same numerical value as the valence of the metal and ranges from three to four inclusive, and R preferably is a lower alkyl group of one to five carbon atoms. Higher alkoxides are also effective, the preference for lower alkyl is merely for convenience and availability reasons. Typical organo metal alkoxide catalysts include aluminum butoxide, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum ethoxide, aluminum propoxide, altuninum methoxide, aluminum octoxide, aluminum hexoxide, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetra-n-hexyl titanate, Zirconium tetraisopropoxide, and the alkoxides of gallium. The catalysts should be used in an amount from about 0.1 to about 25%, preferably from about 5 to 20% by weight of the alkanolamine used. Aluminum alkoxides, especially aluminum isopropoxide, and tetraisopropyl titanate, in an amount from about 5 to about 20% by weight of the alkanolamine, are very efficient catalysts.

As acryloyloxyalkanes or methacryloyloxyalkanes, which are reacted in the presence of the metal alkoxide a in the art.

catalyst, there may be used such typical acrylic esters as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate,

hexyl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.

In reacting the acryloyloxyalkanes or the methacryloyloxyalkanes with the alkanolamines, there should be taken at least about 1.5 moles of the ester and there may be used as much as four moles per mole of alkanolamine. Commonly there are used two moles or more of the ester for each mole of alkanolamine to insure highyields of the oxazolines and the 4H-1,3-oxazines. A ratio of 2:1 (esterzalkanolamine) is favored since it is eflicient and economical. The excess of ester of about two moles or more is helpful in insuring complete and efficient reaction of the amine and is therefore favored. The excess of ester also is helpful in order to follow the progress of the reaction, since, as the reaction approaches the end, the temperature at the head of the fractionating column approaches the boiling point of the unsaturated ester. The 'unreacted ester serves also as a solvent, and 'itis easily removed from the product as, for example, by distillation.

In the reaction of the acrylic or methacrylic ester, there should also be present a polymerization inhibitor to prevent the formation of insoluble polymeric products. It is, therefore, desirable to use esters-containing such an inhibitor or to add polymerization inhibitors like di-B-naphthol, hydroquinone, p-hydroxydiphenylamine, N,N'-diphenylphenylenediamine, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, trinitrotoluene, copper carbonate, or methylene blue. These have been found particularly efiective for this purpose and other similar inhibitors are well known The inhibitor should be used in an amount from about 0.1 to about 10%, preferably from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight based on the acrylic or methacrylic ester.

The eifectiveness of the organometallic catalyst being somewhat increased when water is substantially removed from the initial reactants, it is preferable, though not necessary, to start with substantially anhydrous reactants. Any conventional method of the art is well suited for drying the starting materials, and this may also be performed in one operation as part of the steps of this process by first heating the mixture of the ester and the alkanolamineto the temperature at which 'water distills off, this being at a temperature from about C. toabout the boiling point of the ester. As the water is liberated, the ester is returned to the reaction mixture. Then the temperature is lowered and the organometallic catalyst is then added and heating is continued. This may be done in any appropriate equipment, such as in a flask equipped with a short packed column with an adjustable total reflux stillhead. customarily, the overhead temperature is carefully maintained as close as possible to the boiling point of the alcohol-unsaturated ester azeotrope. The azeotropic mixture of the alcohol'and acrylic or methacrylic ester has a boiling point which depends on the alkyl substituent of the ester since the alkanol R OH which distills off during the reaction is made up from that substituent. For example, the boiling points in degrees centrigrade at 760 mm. pressure, of the ester and of the azeotropic mixtures of some purified acrylates and methacrylates with their correspondingalkanols, are shown below:

The boiling point of the azeotropic mixture, close to which the temperature at the head of the fractionating is preferably maintained, is below the boiling point of the unsaturated arcrylic or methacrylic ester. It is, therefore,

recommended that'the temperature at the head of the distillation column preferably bemaintained within the range from about theboiling point of the azeotropic mix ture of the ester and the alkanol which is formed therefrom and the boiling point of the ester and preferably as close as'possible to the former temperature. For 'example, for methyl methacrylate and the azeotrope formed -with methyl methacrylate and methanol, that temperature range is from about 64.2? C. to abotlt'lOO C. at

750 pressure, and the preferred range is from about at least the boiling point of the azeotropic mixture is es- 'sential for successful production of oxazolines and 5,6- dihydro-4H-L3-oxazines, the temperature at the head 'of the column may go up as high as about 163 C. at normal pressure when the unsaturated ester is n-butyl methacrylate and correspondingly higher or lower according to the particular unsaturated ester used. I

The temperature in the pot is carefully controlled to prevent polymerization of the product. Although temperature at about 100 C. is operative, preferably, the pot temperature is maintained between about 110 and about 130 C., by operating under reduced pressure, if necessary, to avoid undue heating. In this manner, resulting correspondingly lower pot and head temperatures are obtained. For instance, 400 mm. can be conveniently used and under reduced pressure temperatures at the overhead of about 47 -64 C. are found to be very effective.

It is to be noted that we are successful in preparing the 2-vi'n'yl and 2-isopropenyl-substituted oxazolines and the identically substituted 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazines and the spiran's formed therefrom, at reacting temperatures substantially below those commonly used to prepare know oxazolines.

The progress of the reaction can conveniently be followed by measuring the amount of alkanol of reaction which distills oil and by following the rise of the temperature since at the end of the reaction the temperature approaches the boiling point of the acrylic or methacrylic ester. Thereafter any excess ester is removed preferably by distillation, leaving the oxazoline or the 5,6-dihydro- 4H-1,3-oxazine product, which subsequently can be purified by such conventional methods as extracting or distilling, for example, underredu'ced pressure.

It is to be noted that in the process of this invention the substituents represented by R and R remain intact and appear in the final 5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazines and oxazolines in the some position as they do in the respective starting reactants.

' Typical monomers which are made by this process are:

2'-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazo1ine, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-ethyloxazoline, Z-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-propyloxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4butyloxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4 hexyloxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-octyloxazoline,

2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-(2-ethyl)hexyloxazoline,

2 isopropenyl 4 methyl 4 isobutyl 5,6 dihydro- 2 isopropenyl 4 methyl 4 propyl 5,6 dihydro- 4H-1,3-oxazine,

2 isopropenyl 4 methyl 4 isopentyl 5,6 dihydro- 4H-l,3-oxazine,

2 isopropenyl 5 methyl 4 hexyl 5,6 dihydro 4H- 1 ,Q-dxazine,

2 isopropenyl 4 methyl 4 (2' ethyl)l1exyl 5,6-

dihydro'4H-1,'3-oxazine,

2 isopropenyl 4 methyl 4 (3' propyl)pentyl 5,6-

dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazine,

2 isopropenyl 4 methyl 4 octyl 5,6 dihydro -4H- 1,3-0xazine, I

2-vinyl-4,4-dirnethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine,

2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-ethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine,

'2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-butyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazine,

2 vinyl 4 methyl 4 (3' ethyl)pentyl 5,6 dihydro- 4H-1,3-oxazine,

2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-hexyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine,

2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-octyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine,

2'-isopropenyl-spiro [cyclohexanc-l ,4-oxazoline] 2'-vinyl-spiro [cyclohexane-1,4-oxazoline] 2'-vinyl-spiro[cyclopentane-1,4-oxazoline],

2,4 dimethyl 2 vinyl spirolcyclopentane 1,4-

oxazoline],

2'-isopropenyl-spiro [cyclopentane-1,4-oxazoline] 2,2 dimethyl 2' isopropenyl spirolcyclopentane 1,4-

oxazoline],

2,4 dimethyl 2' isopropenyl spiro [cyclohexane 1,4-

oxazoline],

2 ethyl 3,5 dimethyl 2" isopropenyl spiro [cyclohexane-1,4"oxazoline] 2 ethyl 3,5 dimethyl 2' vinyl spiro [cyclohexane- 1,4-oxazoline] 1,2 dimethyl 2' isopropenyl spirolcyclopentane- 1,4-oxazoline],

2 isopropenyl spirolcyclohexane 1,4 (5,6' dihydro-4H-1',3-oxazine) 2' vinyl spirolcyclohexane- 1,4 (5',6"- dihydro 4H- 1',3-oxazine) 2' vinyl-spirol'cyclopentane 1,4 (5,6' dihydro 4'H- l',3 '-oxazine) J,

2' isopropenyl 'spirolcyclopent-ane 1,4 '(5,-6 dihydro-4H-l',3 -oxazine) 2,4 dimethyl 2 isopropenyl spiro[cyclohexane 1,4-

( 5 ,6-dihydro-4H-1',3'-oxazine) 1,2 diethyl 2 isopropenyl spiro [cyclohexane 1,4-

(5 ',6'-dihydro-4'H-1 ,3 -oxazine) 2,4 dimethyl 2 vinyl spirolcyclohexane 1,4-

(5,6'-dihydro-4H-1',3-oxazine) Since only the hydroxy, the amino, and the carboxy groups react during the process of this invention, the procedure of the examples below illustrating the preparation of some of the compounds of this invention is substantially identical and is followed regardless of the particular hydrocarbon substituent R R R and R represent.

In the following illustrative examples, there is shown the preparation of the monomers of this invention. All parts are by weight.

Example 1 There are mixed 89 g. (1 mole) of 2-amino-2-methyl propanol, 200 g. (2 moles) of methyl methacrylate, and 1 0 g. of di-B-naphthol in a reaction vessel equipped with short packed column, an adjustable total reflux stillhead, a stirrer, a thermometer, and a dropping funnel. The mixture is briefly refluxed and there is drained off about 0.5 ml. of water. There is then introduced 2.5 g. of aluminum isopropoxide and the mixture is carefully distilled at high reflux ratio. The overhead temperature is maintained between about 73 and 82 C.; methanol and some methyl methacrylate are taken off as slowly as possible. The pot temperature is maintained between 106 and 114 C. during nine hours of heating. The methanol obtained is 93% of the calculated amount. During nine hours of reaction, ml. of distillate is taken ofl; the index of refraction at 25 C. is 0.76. The temperature at the top of the fractionating column rises to 93 C. and in the pot to C. The residue in the pot is distilled carefully, preferably in vacuo, removing the excess methyl methacrylate, yielding 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline. The purified product boils at 58-59 'C./ 24

ing 2 vinyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline.

mm.; the neutralization equivalent is 142 and it has an index of refraction of 1.453 at 25 C.; nitrogen found 10.0%,, theoretical 10.1%. Infra-red examination shows the characteristic two strong peaks at 1658 and 1615 -cm.- assigned toa conjugated system of C=C and C=N bonds, respectively.

1 Example 2 In the same manner, 3-amino-3-methyl-l butanol (1 ,mole), methyl methacrylate (2 moles), and g. of p- Example 3 In Example 1, instead of introducing di-fl-naphthol, there is substituted 4.5 g. of tetraisopropyl titanate, and the procedure is carried out precisely in the same manner. The final product, 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline, is obtained in yields above 60%.

Example 4 The same procedure, as. in Examples 1 and 2, is repeated with substitution of tetraisopropyl titanate by amount 1.0 to 5 g. of aluminum propoxide, aluminum ethoxide, aluminum methoxide, or zirconium isopropoxide.

In every case there is isolated 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline when the starting material is 2-amino- Z-methyl propanol, andthere is isolated 2-isopropenyl- 4,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine when the starting material is 3-amino-3-methyl-l-butanol.

: Example 5 A mixture of 89 -g. (1 mole) of 2-amino-2-methyl propanol, 172 g. (2 moles) of methyl acrylate, and g. of di-fi-naphthol is heated under a 4-inch packed column and total reflux head for one hour. About one ml. of wateris collected. Two grams of tetraisopropyl titanate is added, and the distillate, methanol, is collected intermittently 'at a temperature of about 63 to about 72 C. After four hours, an additional 2.0 g. of tetraisopropyl titanate'i's'added to the reaction through the dropping funnel. Again, after eleven hours, 1.0 g. of catalyst is added. After fifteen hours of heating, the temperature rises to about 77 C. at the overhead and to about 125 C. in the pot.

Total methanol collected is about 81% of calculated amount. The residual liquid is distilled under vacuo, removing excess methyl acrylate and substantially yield- The purified product boils at 54 C. under 32 mm. pressure; the index of refraction is n 1.435. This product is not quite as pure ,as that obtained in Example 1, but it is entirely satisfactory for use as a monomer, as a fungicide, or a chemical intermediate.

' 7' Example 6 Iethyl 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine.

In Example 6, instead of di-fl-naphthol, there is used hydroquinone, trinitrotoluene, or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinonein amounts. from ,10 to 15 g. which are added to the reaction'all at once or intermittently; is equally well inhibited.

Example 7 polymerization '15 g. of di-fimaphthol in a reaction vessel-with a water separator. The mixture is refluxed to remove any water. There is then introduced about 8 g. of aluminum methoxide; the temperature at the head of the column is maintained between about 65 and 75 C. while methanol is distilled oh. The .pot temperature is about 120 C. When the temperature reaches about 98. C. at the head, the reaction appears complete; excess methyl methacrylate is distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue is 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl4-hexyloxazoline which is purified by shaking with saturated calcium chloride solution, extracting with benzene, and evaporation of benzene, .Infra-red examination of this product demonstrates the presence of two strong peaks at 1658 and 1615- assigned to a conjugated system of C=C and C=N bonds respectively.

Example 8 In the same fashion, as in Example 7, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-pentanol and 200 g. of methyl methacrylate are reacted using about 12 g. of aluminum butoxide. The final product obtained is 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-propyloxazoline, the composition being confirmed by analysis.

Example 9 Following the same procedure, 3-amino-3,7-dimethyll-octanol (175 g.) is reacted with 172 g. methyl acrylate using a molar ratio of one-half and 14 g. of aluminum methoxide. After ten hours, as the temperature rises to about 79 C., the reaction appears completed; the

Example 10 In the same manner, one mole of 2-amino-2,3-dimethyl-l-pentanol is reacted with ethyl methacrylate (228 g.) in the presence of tetraisopropyl titanate; the reaction is stopped when, after about 12 hours during which ethanol is taken off, the temperature rises to about 115 C.'at the head of the column and the pot temperature reaches 125 C. The residue, principally, is 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4- (1-methyl)propyloxazoline. The same procedure is repeated but the operation is carried out under reduced pressure at 400 mm., thus keeping the pot temperature below 110 C. and obtaining a better yield of 2-vinyl-4- methyl-4- 1'-methyl) propyloxaz'oline.

. 7 Example 11 r One mole of 2-amino-2-methyl-l-hexanol and 228 g. of

ethyl acrylate are mixed in. a reaction vessel with about 12 g. of di-fl-naphthol andthe mixture is heated with gentle refluxing for one hour.. There is collected 2 ml. of water. Tetraisopropyl titanate (10 g.) is added, thus depressing the temperature at the head of the column to within a range of about 78 to 100 C. The preparation is then continued under reduced pressure (350 mm.) thus generally maintaining the temperature below C. at the head and below C. in the pot. One gram portions of tetraisopropyl titanate are added every four hours during the entire period of heating. The distillate, ethv anol, is collected. After 16 hours the temperature at The same general procedure, as in Examplell, islfolused equally effective alkoxides ofaluminum, alkoxides 'of gallium or zirconium in an amount from 20% based on the alkanolamine. I

Equally good polymerization inhibition is obtained when there is used p-hydro'xydiphenylamine, hydroquinone, or trinitrotoluene.

Example .13

There are heated together 129.2 g. or l-amin'o-l-(ahydroxymethyl)cyclohexane and 220 g. of methyl methacrylate containing about one gram of p-hydroxydiphenylamine under a column with 600 mm. pressure; six grams of tetraisopropyl titanate over a period of about four hours. The distillation takes place in eight hours and there is collected '60" of the theoretical methanol. Distillation of the residue gives a fraction which is 2'-isopropenyl-spiro[cyclohexane-l,4' oxazoline], which has a boiling point of 6280 C. at 12 mm., the refractive index, n is 1.485, neutralization-equivalent'l75.3, calculated 179.3. Infra-red'examination shows the characteristic Z-band system at 1658 and 1613 cmf This compound may be made up in fungicidal compositions; it is useful in the preparation ofpolymers and copolymers, and it may be used as an agent for W001 stabilization.

Example 14 Repetition of the above procedure with substitution of methyl methacrylate with methyl acrylate yields a fairly pure fraction of 2'-vinyl-spiro[cyclohexane-1,4'-oxazoline].

Example 15 143 g. of l-amino-l (p-hydroxyethyl-cyclohexane) and 220 g. of methyl methacrylateare reacted in a similar way yielding 2-isopropenyl-spiro[cyclohexane--1,4'(5',6'- dihydro-4H-l",3-oxazine) in fair purity.

2-vinylspiroicyclohexane-1,4(5,6-dihydro 4'H 1', 3-oxazine)l is obtained by replacing methyl methacrylate by methyl acrylate.

Example 16 2,S-diethyl-Z'-isopropenyl-spiro[cyclohexane-1,4(526 dihydro-4'H-1,3'-oxazine)] is the product obtained from I-aminO-LS-diethyl-l-(B hydroxyethyDcyclohexane by following the same general procedure.

2,5-diethyl 2' vinyl spirolcyclohexane -1,4(5',6- dihydro-4'I-I-l'.3'-oxazine)] is obtained where methyl ac rylate is reacted with the same alkanolamine. These compounds are useful, for instance, in the classification of ores and as fungicides.

Example 1 2,4-diethyl-2 isopropenyl spiro[cyclohexane 1,4- oxaz'olinel is a fairly pure product obtained by reacting l-amino-2,4-diethyl-l (a liydroxymethyl)cyclohexane with methyl methacrylate by generally following the same method.

Substitution of methyl methacrylate by methyl acrylate gives 2,4 diethyl 2 vinyl spiro[cyclohexane 1,4- o'xazoline]. g

The monomers made "from the compounds of this in- 10 vention are useful chemical intermediates. They can be hydrolyzed with bases or acids giving, for example, hydroxyaminoethyl methacrylates or acrylates. The monomers can be quaternized by treatment with alkylating agents.

The monomers of this invention, especially those with higher R or R alkyl substituents, are very useful for the classification of ores. When dissolved in water they are effective flotation agents.

The new monomeric 4,4-dialkyl-2-vinyl and 4,4-dialkyl-Z-isopropenyl substituted oxazolines, identically sub stituted 5,6-dihydro-4H-l,S-oxazines, and the spirans thereof are polymerizable alone or with one or more other polymerizable unsaturated compounds.

The polymerization is eifected with the aid of a freeradical catalyst such as one or more azo-type catalysts. These are compounds in which N=N group is attached to aliphatic carbons at least one of which is a tertiary carbon atom. One of the carbon atoms bonded to the tertiary canbon atom has its remaining valences satisfied by at least one element from the class consisting of oxygen and nitrogen. Typical catalysts are azodiisobutyronitrile, azodiisobutyramide, dimethyl-, diethyl-, or dibutylazodiisobutyrate, azobis(u,'y-dimethylvaleronitrile) azobisa-methylbutyronitrile) azobis u-methylvaleronitrile), dimethylor diethylazobismethylvalerate, and the like. One or a mixture of catalysts may be used in amounts of about 0.05% to 2% based on the weight of the monomer. Polymerization may 'be effected in bulk, in solution, or in emulsion. In the last case use of a redox system is very efiective.

To effect polymerization, the monomers and the acyclic azo catalyst are mixed directly or in the presence of an inert solvent and the mixture is maintained between 0 and 100 C., a range of 40 to C. being preferred, until the desired extent of polymerization is attained. The polymerization is best carried out in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen gas.

For polymerization in solution concentrations of monomers from about 10% to 60% are generally desirable. The course of polymerization may be readily followed from the increase in viscosity of the solution. The catalyst may be added in increments, if desired, with or Without additional solvent.

Copolymers are readily prepared from the oxazolines and 5,6-dihydro-4I I-l,3-oxazines of this invention with other vinylidene compounds which are polymerizable with free-radical catalysts. While polymerizable monovinylidene compounds are preferred, there may also be used -tert-butylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate or methacrylate, N-methylacrylamide, N butylmethaorylamide, dimethylaminoethylaerylamide, dimetthylaminopropylacrylamide, or the comparable acrylarnides, u-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, pchlorostyrene, vinylnaphthalene, and the like. When two or more free radical polymerizable vinylidene groups occur, as in divinylbenzene, ethylene diacrylate or methac- 'rylate, in trivinylbenzene(bis vinyloxyethyDurea, or

vinyloxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate, insoluble interpolymers result.

Interpolymerization may be effected in bulk, solution, emulsion, or in suspension. A wide range of compositions may be used. Copolymers are preferably constituted with 5% to of one. or more of the 2-vinyl and 2'-isopropeny1 substituted oxazolin'e's and identically substituted oxazines and the spirans formed therefrom.

Even proportions up to 99% can be'usedwhre a 11 variation in the polymeric compounds of this invention is desired, while as little as 0.5% of these compounds -in some cases influences the properties of a polymerizable vinylidene compound. Generally, 0.5 to 50% of the monomer of this invention is used to modify the nature of another kind of vinylidene polymer.

Copolymerization may be effectuated in the presence of azo catalysts described above or peroxidic catalysts. Typical organic peroxides useful as polymerization initiators are benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, capropyl peroxide, butyl perbenzoate butyl hydroperoxide, and the like. An amount of 0.1% to 50% of the weight of the monomeric starting materials may be used.

In emulsion or suspension polymerization, there may be used hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persul'fate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, or other inorganic peroxidic catalysts, preferably in a redox system to which a reducing substance, such as sodium sulfite, bisulfite, metabisulfite, or hydrosulfite is used with or without a metal activator. Regulators may also be used in emulsion, suspension or bulk polymerizations.

1 In polymerizations by the technique of dispersion or suspension a mixture of the monomers of this invention and another polymerizable vinylid'ene compound with or without an inorganic solvent is dispersed or suspended in water. An emulsifier and/ or dispersing agent may be used. The mixtureis customarily stirred. A polymerization catalyst is added and, if desired, modifiers, buifers, metal ions, mercaptans, and the like. Ordinarily, dispersions containing to 60% polymerizable materials are used. Temperatures from 0 to 100 C. and preferably in the range of to 60 C. are employed.

In bulk polymerization one or more monomers of this invention are mixed with one or more other polymerizable vinylidene compounds and a polymerization catalyst is added. The mixture is maintained at a temperature at which the catalyst is effective for promoting polymerization until reaction is essentially complete. The copolymerization is best carried out under an inert atmosphere.

The homopolymers of the lower molecular weight monomers of this invention possess the unexpected feature of being water-soluble in cold water but waterinsoluble in hot water. This temperature inversion characteristic may be used advantageously in various applications where solubility at low temperatures in water is desirable' These homopolymers are substantially chemically stable in aqueous solutions under normal conditions of storage over long periods of time. In cold water the homopolymers give a weakly basic solution. They are also soluble in benzene and acetone.

Unexpectedly and surprisingly the homopolymers of this invention are useful as white retention agents for preventing the resettlement of dirt, and soil particles. Hence, the polymers may be used instead or in combination with washing promoters, such as the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose in anionic detergent compositions in small amounts, such as about 0.3 to 3.0% by weight of the total solids. The homopolymer, in addition to aiding in the elimination of soil redeposition, also contributes to the surface-active properties as evidenced by treating agents. They also are usefuladditives to viscose dopes and cellulose acetate dopes to improve the receptivity of the fibers to dyes. The polymers also tend to improve gas fading properties in textiles and fibers.

Another surprising and unexpected property of the poly- 'mers is the fact that they impart antistatic characteristics to cloth.

The copolymers of this invention are useful for coating metals and rigid articles, in general, paper and textiles. For paper and textiles they may provide useful creaseproof coatings.

' The copolymers formed, with about 0.1 to 20% of the monomers of this invention with to about 98% acrylonitrile or with copolymers of acrylonitrile and other monomeric substances, have good fiber-forming qualities combined with improved dye receptive characteristics. The acrylonitrilepolymers which may be used to form fibersmay be polymers of monomeric composition of which acrylonitrile is at least and preferably of the total monomeric components and of which from 0.1 to 15% of the total monomeric components is a monomer of this invention which contributes to this dye receptivity to the polymer. The relationship of the acrylonitrile and the monomers of this invention may be a conjoint polymerization product, or each of the critical monomers may be polymerized separately and the resultant polymers blended to form the dye-receptive fiberforming composition.

The acrylonitrile copolymers are the copolymers of from 85 to 98% of acrylonitrile and from two to 15% of other monomeric components, for example vinyl acetate, styrene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, ocmethylstyrene, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, alkyl fumarates, alkyl maleates, and methacrylonitrile.

The new blended compositions of the instant invention may be frabricated into synthetic fibers by the conventional Wet or dry spinning procedures. The polymer may be dissolved in suitable solvents, for example, N,N-dimethylformamide, 'y-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate. The solution is spun and the fibers stretched to develop the necessary orientation and tensile strength and shrunk to improve thermal resistance.

The polymers of the compounds of this invention, upon copolymerization with polyvinylidene monomers, can be lightly cross-linked. As the reaction occurs the product becomes increasingly insoluble. They may be reacted with cellulose, silk, wool, and the like; these substances may be made water-repellent. The polymers may also be mixed with other coating materials. When the films formed from the mixture are heated, cross-linking coupled with solvent resistance is obtained.

When the monomers are copolymerized with other polyyinylidene compounds, such as with divinyl benzene, there'are obtained novel and useful resins having weakly basic ion-exchange properties. Generally, there are employed from-about 75 to 98% of the monomers, the remainder being a polyvinylidene compound. A suitable combination is 5% divinylbenzene and of a monomer, such as Z-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline. Granulation of the resin yields materials suitable for use in conventional commercial column operations. The resins are hydrophobic and allow difiiusion of ions through the structure at a finite and usable rate. By lightly'crosslinking a resin of higher porosity, a resin of lower density and higher order of hydration is formed. Such resins have an advantageous higher rate of ionic diffusion, higher rate of exchange, and higher capacity for ions of high molecular weight. For example, they permit recovery and removal of high molecular Weight ions that are too large to diffuse into the resin structures of the less porous and denser resins.

The polymers of this invention are useful to prepare quaternary ammonium type anion-exchange resins with alkyl halides. The quaternary salt is readily obtained by' reacting the polymer with methyl iodide. In this manner, there may be prepared beads suitable for commercial column operations.

The polymers of this invention are useful to provide fungicidal compositions which have improved tenacity on plants. .For this purpose, the polymers may be dissolved 13 in an organic solvent miscible with water and the resulting solution extended with water to give a dispersion or there may be prepared emulsifiable concentrates.

The polymers of this invention and particularly those oxazolines and oxazines having higher alkyl substituents 1 may be useful as improvers of the properties of liquid petroleum products. They may act as dispersants of gums, resins, asphaltenes, and sludge, which tend to form in lubricating oils as a result of incomplete combustion of fuel and decomposition of lubricants. The polymers also are useful as pour point depressors and viscosity index improvers. They become in general more effective on this account 'as the molecular weight of the copolymer increases. A type of polymer of interest for this type of application may be that of the monomers of this invention with alkyl acrylates and methacrylates having four to eighteen carbon atoms in the alkyl group thereof to provide the needed solubility in the oils to be improved.

In the following illustrative examples there is shown the preparation of polymers and copolymers of some of the 5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazines and oxazolines of this invention. All parts are by weight.

Example A A portion of 100 parts of 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline is mixed with two parts of dimethyl azoisobutyrate as catalyst. The mixture is heated at 75 C. for 24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. A hard, clear polymer is obtained. The polymer dissolves in cold water and benzene. The dissolved polymer in benzene is poured into pentane. The product is dried at 60 C. at 0.5 mm. The white powder collected is white, hygroscopic polymeric material of the correct analysis. The polymer dissolved in benzene shows an azomethine peak at 1658 GILL-1. The solution in Water is weakly basic in alkacid test paper.

A solution of the polymer in methanol is useful as a coating composition for application to plastic coatings, such as those of poly(methyl methacrylate) to prevent surface marring and to decrease the build-up of static charges.

The polymer may be applied from aqueous methanol or acetone to Dacron, nylon, Orlon, or other synthetic filament and staple yarns as a warp-size. Such treatment reduces pilling and fuzz-balling.

A solution of the polymer in acetone containing by volume of Water may be added to acetone solutions of cellulose acetate in amounts of 1-25% or more by weight of polymer based on acetate and the mixture is then coagulated into films or fibers. The treated acetate has improved tensile strength and a favorable change in wet-tensile strength and dyeability.

The polymers may be used as thickening agents for alcohol, acetone, or mixture of water with these solvents.

In like manner, the following typical monomers are polymerized:

2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-octyloxazoline,

2-is opropenyl-4-methyl-4- 2',3 -dimethyl) butyloxazoline,

2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline,

2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-butyloxazoline,

2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-octyloxazoline,

2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine,

2 isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-(3'-propyl)pentyl-5,6-dihydro- 4H-1,3-oxazine,

2 isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-octyl-5,6-dihydro 4H-l,3-oxazme,

2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine,

2-is opropenyl-spiro cyclohexanel ,4-oxazolinel 2-vinyl-spiro [cyclohexane-l ,4'-oxazoline] 2'-isopropenyl-spiro [cyclopentane-1,4-oxazoline] 2' isopropenyl spirolcyclohexane-l,4'-(5,6-dihydro- 4'H-1',3-oxazine) 14 2' vinyl spiro[cyclohexane-1,4'-(5',6'-dihydro 4'H- 1',3'-oxazine) 2,4-dirnethyl-2' isopropenyl spirolcyclohexane 1,4-

5 ,6-dihydro-4H-1',3-oxazine) and 2,4 dimethyl-2-vinyl-spiro[cyclohexane l,4'-.(5,6'-dihydro-4'H-l,3-oxazine) The polymers are useful in the various applications described above.

Example B A detergent composition is made up as follows with Percent Sodium dodecyl sulfate 60 Sodium pyrophosphate 30 Polymer of Example A 6 Sodium sulfate 4 A washing solution was prepared and a standard soiled cotton cloth swatch was washed with it. The detergent composition is satisfactory in cleaning the cloth while showing a good degree of whiteness retention.

Other detergent compositions may be prepared with various other polymers of this invention such as with those of 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-octyloxazoline, 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-butyloxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-octyloxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyl-5,6-clihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5 ,6 -dihydro-4H-l ,3 -oxazine, 2'-isopropenyl-spiro [cyclohexane-l ,4'-oxazoline] 2-vinyl-spiro [cyclohexane-l ,4-oxazoline] and 2 isopropenyl-spiro[cyclohexane 1,4-(5,6 dihydro- 4'H-l',3-oxazine) Example C A solution is made up of ten parts of 2-isopropenyl- 4,4-dimethyloxazoline, parts of methyl methacrylate in toluene and 0.2 part of dimethyl azoisobutyrate. The mixture is blanketed with nitrogen and heated for four hours at 75 C. Ten parts of xylene are added and the solution is heated under reflux yielding a very viscous gum which, in xylene, gives a yellow solution of Gardner- Holdt viscosity of B. Films prepared by casting this solution on glass or metal and baked at C. for thirty minutes were glossy, hard, and clear. When this solution is mixed with titanium dioxide, sprayed, and baked, it gives a glossy, white finish suited for refrigerators, washers, air-conditioners, and other coated metal appliances.

In lieu of methyl methacrylate, there may be satisfactorily used other esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, such as ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl amyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, chlorobenzyl, and nichloroethyl.

A mixture of 50 parts of 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline, 2.5 parts of divinylbenzene and 0.5 part of azodiisobutyronitrile as catalyst is prepared. The monomers are mixed and the azo catalyst dissolved in the mixture in a small screw cap vial. The air is displaced by nitrogen and the mixture after heating for four hours at 75 C. resulted in a hard, brittle, translucent resin.

Another resin is prepared by suspension polymerization technique using brine as the suspending medium and a soluble polymeric quaternary resin as suspending agent. Beads of 2050 mesh are obtained. Ion-exchange columns of this resin, suitable for treating water or other liquids, may be prepared.

Example D About ten parts of resin and sixty parts of methyl iodide are refluxed together for ten hours. The product, after washing and drying, is analyzed and shows about 50% conversion to the quaternary type anionexchange resin.

Example E There are mixed ten parts of 2-isopropenyl-4,4-di methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine with 100 parts of acrylonitrile in the presence of dimethylazoisobutyrate, 0.1 part. The resulting polymers dissolved in water or alcohol are useful in the treatment of fabrics. Rayon material is padded through such a solution and the fabric is dried and cured at 280 F. for twelve minutes. The resulting material may now be laundered with less than 2% shrinkage and has a full somewhat crisp hand. Nylon and woolen materials may similarly be treated to give a durable, stiff finish.

In place of acrylonitrile there is used methyl, ethyl, or butyl, propyl, and tert-butyl methacrylate with formation in each case of a copolymer useful for coating. Also, in place of the above acrylonitrile there may be used mixtures of methyl methacrylate and ethyl, propyl, and butyl acrylate.

Example F A copolymer of 8.5% 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxa zoline and 91.5% acrylonitrile are dissolved in dimethylacetamide to the extent of 17% solids. The resulting spinning solution is extruded through a spineret having thirty apertures, each 0.005 inch in diameter. The fiber is continuously washed in hot water, dried on steamheated rolls, and steam stretched. The fiber produced is then dyed as skeins in Wool Fast Scarlet G Supra dyebathof 2% and concentrations (based on the fiber weight), each bath containing 10% sulfuric acid (based on fiber weight), by two hours at boiling. Satisfactory dye pickup occurred to yield deep shades of scarlet. Improvement in dyeability properties over fibers without 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline may be observed.

The same procedure is duplicated with the exception that the blend of the copolymer is 81.5% acrylonitrile, 10% vinyl acetate, and the remaining being 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline. Very satisfactory dye pickup is observed; An improvement in dyeability over a sample of 97% acrylonitrile and 10% vinyl acetate copolymer fiber may be noted.

A film of this copolymer prepared by casting from a solution in dimethylforrnamide exhibited good dye receptivity to acid-type dyes in a dye bath have a 1 pH of 3.0.

There may be substituted for 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline other monomers of this invention such as 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-octyloxazoline, 2-vinyl4,4-dimethyloxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-butyloxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-4-octyloxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1, 3-oxazine,

A 16 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine,

' 2'-isopropenyl-spiro [cyclohexane-l,4'-oxazoline] 2-vinyl-spiro [cyclohexane-1,4'-oxazoline] 2' isopropenyl spiro[cyclohexane 1,4 (5',6' dihydro-4'H-1',3-oxazine)], and 2' vinyl spirolcyclohexane 1,4 (5',6-dihydro 4I-I- l',3-oxazine) We claim: l. A composition of matter comprising a polymer of a monomer of the general formula I Om1 2ml 3=:0B:2 in which R and R when taken individually, are alkyl radicals one being methyl and the other containing from one to eight carbon atoms, R and R when taken toa v gether, form a divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing four to nine carbon atoms which together with the carbon atom unto which R and R are both bonded form a fiveto six-sided carbocycle, n is an integer from one to two inclusive, and m is an integer from one to two inclusive. 7

2. A compositionrof matter comprising an addition polymer of a monomer defined in claim 1.

3. Polymer of 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline.

4. Polymer of 2 isopropenyl 4 methyl 4 hexyloxazoline.

5. Polymer of 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyloxazoline.

6. Polymer of 2-isopropenyl-4,4-dimethyl5,6-dihydr0- 4H-1,3-oxazine. i

7. A composition of matter comprising a copolymer of a monomer defined in claim 1 with another polymerizable vinylidene compound.

8. A composition of matter of claim 7 in which the vinylidene compound is a monovinylidene compound.

9. The composition of claim 8 in which the monovinylidene compound is acrylonitrile.

10. A composition ofrnatter comprising a copolymer of a monomer defined in claim 1 and at least one acrylic ester, RCOOCC(R =CH where R is an alkyl group having from one to eighteen carbon atoms, and R is a member of the class consisting of hydrogen and the methyl group.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,831,858 De Benneville et al Apr. 22, 1958 f/rlifi// UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Certificate of Correction Patent No.'2,897,182 July 28, 1959 Peter L. de Benneville et al.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 16, line 44, the formula should appear as shown below instead of as in the patent:

ROOCC (R)=CH2 Signed and sealed this 10th day of May 1960.

Attest: KARL H. AXLINE, ROBERT C. WATSON, Attestz'ng ofioer. Commissioner of Patents.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,897,182 July 28, 1959 Peter L. de Benneville et a1.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 16, line 44, the formula should appear as shown below instead of as in the patent:

BOOCC(R)==CHZ Signed and sealed this 10th day of May 1960.

Attest: KARL H. AXLINE, ROBERT C. WATSON, Attestingoficer. Commissioner of Patents. 

1. A COMPOSITION OF MATTER COMPRISING A POLYMER OF A MONOMER OF THE GENERAL FORMULA 